Global Outlooks 2030

Taking a "factory-like" approach to protect agricultural production from environmental conditions

Snapshot from the future: A new form of agriculture in intelligent vertical farms

In vertical farms, every step of the cultivation process, from sowing, to fertilizing, to harvesting, is closely monitored, with farmers precisely controlling light, temperature, water, and nutrient delivery based on the needs of each crop. By controlling every stage of crop growth and adjusting environmental parameters as needed, farmers are able to artificially create the ideal environment for their plants.

Vertical farms have three main advantages:

• They don't need pesticides or soil, and reduce agricultural water waste.
• They are not affected by climate, providing consistent and ideal conditions for fresh produce.
• They provide smart agricultural models that are globally replicable.

Recent pilot programs for vertical farms have found that, if harvested every 16 days, a 7,000 square meters area can yield a staggering 900,000 kilograms of vegetables every year.

Low-carbon, 3D-printed solutions for meat

Snapshot from the future: Healthy and sustainable meat supply with 3D printing

Recent applications of 3D printing technologies have successfully improved the quality of artificial meat, making it better tasting and better looking to consumers. It has proven capable of turning both plant proteins and animal cells into artificial meat.

3D printing can use plant-based phytoproteins to build fibrous skeletons that closely mimic the texture of real meat. Alternatively, 3D printing can also be used to stack nutrient elements made of real animal cells to create the musculature and fat layers normally seen in animal tissue. Currently, 3D printing can be used to create many types of artificial meat, including pork, chicken, and beef, with the price of artificial beef quickly approaching the market price of real beef.

Net-zero-carbon buildings with IoT and intelligent management systems

A net zero carbon building is "a highly energy efficient building that is fully powered from on-site and/or off-site renewable energy sources and offsets." Net zero carbon is achieved when the amount of carbon dioxide emissions released on an annual basis is zero or negative.

Snapshot from the future: Net-zero-carbon buildings

One day, net-zero-carbon buildings will be able to automatically interact with their environment through sensors.

• Sensors monitor and generate data about the building in real time, including its environment and condition.
• The Internet of Things connects sensors, cloud-based control systems, and core systems such as lighting, electricity meters, water meters/pumps, heaters, fire alarm systems, and water chillers.
• Intelligent, cloud-based systems utilize sophisticated algorithms and real-time data to automatically decide how the building can minimize energy use. For example, a complete automated system could use IoT devices to check the number of people in a building in real time, and then decide when to switch air conditioners and lights on or off in different parts of the building. Such a system would also be able to manage elevators, hallways, and shutters, depending on actual human activity.

In addition to the environmental benefits, net zero-carbon buildings will also make people's lives more comfortable. Automated systems can keep indoor temperatures at agreeable levels, while soundproofing materials can keep outside noise down to a minimum. There will also be health benefits: Automated systems can decide how much sunlight should pass through a window, to help limit UV exposure, encourage natural sources of vitamin D, support regular sleeping patterns, and combat seasonal affective disorder.

New infrastructure provides comprehensive services for communities

One potential solution to the overwhelming amount of possessions that now fill households is offsite storage. Some proposed solutions include digitalization and cataloguing of all household items, with technologies like 3D scanning, and then storage in local shared warehouses.

Digital cataloguing and automated delivery for offsite storage

Smart doors, smart smoke detectors, falling object alerts, delivery notifications, and many other smart services are becoming increasingly widespread. This means that residents are much more closely connected with their communities and local authorities. In the future, new communities will deliver comprehensive services to residents, powered by the Internet of Things (IoT), 10-gigabit fiber networks, and other new advanced infrastructure. Services such as virtual community events and smart pet management will bring residents and their communities more closely together. Groundbreaking new design concepts will also start changing the way our homes look at the household level.

Autonomy opens up the mobile third space

Snapshot from the future: Autonomous driving and vehicle-road-cloud synergy in the fast lane

Low- and medium-speed public roads: Self-driving vehicles have delivered positive results in fields such as logistics and distribution, cleaning and disinfection, and patrolling.

High-speed semi-closed roads: Heavy trucks are expensive, so the price of sensors is not a limiting factor. Sensors such as lidar can be installed in these trucks for better sensing of their environment. Heavy trucks are mainly used in high-speed cargo transportation, ports, and logistics parks, which means the driving environment is less complex and routes are generally fixed. Heavy trucks are rarely seen on complex urban roads. This means that the driving environment that autonomous driving systems have to handle is not particularly complex. Truck drivers are expensive, and they frequently breach rules by overloading their vehicles and working overtime. Autonomous driving of heavy trucks would quickly help industries cut costs and work more efficiently, making this a compelling business case. According to a Deloitte report on smart logistics in China, technologies like unmanned trucks and artificial intelligence will mature in a decade or so, and will be widely used in warehousing, transportation, distribution, and last mile delivery.

Special non-public roads: Autonomous driving is playing an increasingly important role in environments like mines and ports. Some companies are working with ports to test self-driving container trucks. We have already seen unmanned trucks working in multiple fleets and even during night shifts at mines. Since 2023, 92 intelligent guided vehicles have been operating autonomously at the Second Container Terminal of Tianjin Port in China. This was made possible thanks to 5G, the Beidou navigation system, and automatic driving technologies. We are expected to see autonomous horizontal transportation at 30% of terminals by 2030.

Public roads: Autonomous driving technologies can make driving safer for the general public and help local authorities manage roads more efficiently. For example, they can quickly detect traffic incidents and access the relevant information, issue warnings about secondary accidents, select better routes to avoid traffic jams, send traffic alerts to vulnerable road users, and provide information about construction sites and other areas with temporary traffic controls. Autonomous driving can significantly reduce the number of traffic accidents.

Snapshot from the future: Urban air mobility

The research and development of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft has attracted investment from innovative companies around the world, and their performance has seen solid improvements. Currently, the five-seat aircraft which are being manufactured by several companies have a cruising range of about 250 kilometers. Some companies are working on eVTOL aircraft with seven seats or more. Some are exploring hydrogen-fueled aerial vehicles for longer ranges (more than 600 kilometers). These new aircraft may be used in various scenarios, including emergency medical services, urban air mobility, regional air mobility, air freight transportation, and personal aircraft.

Sharing vehicles for faster, low-carbon transportation

Snapshot from the future: Mobility as a Service available on demand

According to the International Road Transport Union, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is to put the user at the core of transport services, offering them tailor-made mobility solutions based on their individual needs. MaaS is the integration of various modes of transport into a single mobility service accessible on demand. It combines all possible modes of transport, enabling users to access services through a single application and single purchase.

A key objective of MaaS is to provide integrated and convenient public transport services and develop green transport. MaaS systems aim to integrate local transport (e.g., buses, rail, shared cars, and shared bikes) and intercity transport (e.g., planes, high-speed rail, and long-distance coaches) and provide useful local information about dining, accommodation, shopping, and local tourist attractions. These systems will build on the intelligent scheduling functions of public transport systems, and identify passenger travel models while prioritizing green transport. With online payment functions integrated, MaaS systems can offer travel booking, one-tap itinerary planning, seamless connections between different modes of transport, and one-tap payments. MaaS will improve satisfaction with transport services while also providing green transport options.

Many EU cities are building MaaS showcase projects. Different cities have different levels of integration in terms of facilities, fares, payments, information, communications, management systems, and transport services. Gothenburg, Hanover, Vienna, and Helsinki were the first cities to explore MaaS. These cities have made full use of digital technologies to optimize their transport systems, including buses, shared cars, bicycles, and urban deliveries. This will help them incubate emerging transport service providers and drive urban decarbonization.

MaaS can bring tangible benefits: Individuals can cut their transport costs while enjoying better safety and a better experience. Governments can optimize their investment in transport infrastructure for more sustainable urban management and higher citizen satisfaction. In addition, MaaS will create more opportunities for transport service providers, as they can cut service costs and expand their services. When MaaS is widely deployed, we will see integrated scheduling of transport resources, better shared resources, a user-centric experience, and low-carbon transport.

Connected vehicles for safer, faster, and larger-scale autonomous driving

Snapshot from the future: Safer, more efficient dispatch services

Over the past decade, pioneers have begun exploring the use of elevated rails to transport containers in busy ports. Containers are sent to rails similar to cable railways. The railway system dispatches the containers based on their destination and sends them to railway stations, truck warehouses, or even waterless ports in inland cities. This makes container transportation much faster at a very low cost. In the future, we will see a comprehensive transportation system that supports the coordinated scheduling of different modes of transport. This system will ensure smooth traffic, speed up the distribution of goods, and drive the development of port-related industries. When this system is up and running, transport facilities will be fully connected and different modes of transport will work together seamlessly, which will help boost logistics efficiency, form industry clusters, and drive urban development. In other words, ports, industries, and cities will work more closely than ever for shared success.

Snapshot from the future: Broadband in the air, just as at home

Moving forward, broadband coverage will extend beyond the ground into the air and beyond. Broadband connections will be available to devices at various heights, such as drones less than 1 kilometer above the ground, aerial vehicles 10 kilometers above the ground, and low-orbit spacecraft hundreds of kilometers above the ground. The integrated network will consist of small cells covering hotspots within a radius of 100 meters, macro cells with a radius of 1 to 10 kilometers, and low-orbit satellites with coverage over a radius of 300 to 400 kilometers, providing users with unbroken access to broadband of up to 10 Gbit/s, 1 Gbit/s, and 100 Mbit/s, respectively.

Smart government services make cities more human

Snapshot from the future: Proactive, precise, data-based government services

Machine recognition technology enables contactless services. Today, in most of China's developed provinces, residents no longer need to go to government service halls to access government services. Instead, they can now simply use their smartphones. Over the next decade, more and more intelligent digital government services will surface.

1. Digital identity authentication is expected to be widely adopted. The ID cards, drivers' licenses, social security cards, and bank cards that people carry at all times will be digitalized, creating a total addressable market for global electronic identity authentication services worth US$18 billion by 2027.

2. Digital credit will underpin and restructure many public service processes and the customer experience. It will be one of the founding technologies for digital government. Most residents are already familiar with some services like electronic library cards, social security cards, and car rental services that require a credit rating.

3. Universal access to one-stop, e-government services will soon be realized. In the future, all government services will be remotely accessible and government service halls may cease to exist.

Snapshot from the future: Urban data spaces that promote the circulation and unlock the value of data elements

Data has become the fifth key factor of production in addition to land, labor, capital, and technology. It has also become a new driver of the digital economy. Efforts should be made to accelerate data circulation and transactions, as this is crucial for unlocking the value and potential of data. By 2030, the global data transaction market is expected to reach US$301.1 billion, with China's market reaching CNY515.59 billion at a fast compound annual growth rate of about 20.3%.

Digital societies produce massive amounts of data and open up new spaces for urban data. The amount of data generated by cities is growing from terabytes to petabytes, and data is becoming the new oil for cities. Through urban data spaces and technologies, especially big data, blockchain, AI, privacy computing, and security and trustworthiness technologies, cities will be able to effectively process and analyze massive amounts of data, maximize the value of data elements, and use data to inform urban management and decision making. This means data has the potential to create greater economic and social value, and become a new driver of urban development.

Intelligent environmental protection for livable cities

Snapshot from the future: Automatic waste disposal for zero waste cities

With the help of AI, the entire waste management process in a future city, from collection and transportation to sorting and processing, will be automated and intelligent. Intelligent waste recycling bins, driverless garbage trucks, automated waste sorting robots, automated garbage recycling devices, and other innovative applications will emerge one after another. Hopefully, this will help to make more and more zero waste cities possible.

Snapshot from the future: Optical detection making water sources safer

Optical technologies can also be further integrated with analytics from the IoT, AI, and cloud computing. Sensors for water quality and deep data analytics will move us closer to 24/7, efficient, real-time, automated, intelligent water quality monitoring and enable faster warnings in cases of water contamination.

Snapshot from the future: Real-time AI air quality monitoring

Most cities will likely soon opt to deploy cost-effective and reliable air quality sensors and build new monitoring networks. This will allow them to monitor air quality and weather across the entire city and take targeted measures to improve air quality and the urban environment. One company has developed a highly-integrated, real-time air monitoring system that uses integrated sensors and software to monitor the concentrations of environmental pollutants in urban environments, such as PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, SOx, and O3, as well as other environmental parameters like noise, temperature, humidity, air pressure, rainfall, and flooding. The system's data is wirelessly transmitted in real time to a cloud platform that in turn provides a real-time visual dashboard for effective management of the overall environment in key areas of the city.

New production models geared towards personalized needs

Snapshot from the future: ICT-powered flexible manufacturing

To respond to changing market conditions and set themselves apart in the face of fierce competition, companies must take the initiative and embrace new production models. That's why an increasing number of companies are looking to concepts like flexible manufacturing. Flexible manufacturing is an advanced production model characterized by on-demand production. It helps companies become more flexible and enables them to rapidly respond to ever-changing market demand. In addition, flexible manufacturing shortens the R&D cycle, cuts R&D costs, and ensures equipment is not left idle, all while reducing inventory risks and speeding up capital turnover. Therefore, it allows companies to seize market opportunities and grow sustainably. Flexible manufacturing involves the following areas:

Flexibility of product design and production line planning: After receiving an order for a new category of product, companies need to quickly conduct R&D and design, and rapidly adjust factors such as production line equipment, working procedures, processes, and batch size. This is where ICT comes in, as simulation, modeling, VR, and other ICT technologies can be used to simulate the entire new manufacturing process. This will reduce the cost of new product development and design, and support more accurate adjustment cost projections and capacity projections.

Flexibility of process: In flexible manufacturing, companies can design products based on the personalized needs of customers, or invite customers to directly participate in product design (e.g., using modular systems to enable customers to define what a product will ultimately look like). Both models require an intelligent scheduling system. Such a system will make automatic adjustments and provide an optimal production plan based on known features such as the factory's production capacity, order complexity, and delivery deadlines. After a company receives an order, the scheduling system will automatically identify all universal components, custom components, and procedures and materials required to manufacture these components. By coordinating production tasks and the provisioning of materials and tools, the scheduling system maximizes the productivity of all equipment and workers in the factory so that no component will create a bottleneck in order delivery.

Flexibility of equipment: As the number of customizations and small-batch orders increases, factories must be able to switch between production processes in real time. Conventional manufacturing equipment can generally only be reconfigured by trained engineers using specific programming devices and languages. This makes switchover processes time-consuming, and does not support the kind of rapid responsiveness that companies need. In the future, ICT technologies such as visual programming, natural language interaction, and action capture will help factories reprogram equipment quickly and easily. This will help promptly meet companies' demand for flexible manufacturing.

Flexibility of logistics: One of the keys to flexible manufacturing is modularization, through which a large number of finished components are manufactured. This requires automated ICT technology to effectively manage warehousing and logistics, which prevents omissions and other errors in the shipment process. Take furniture producers as an example. With large-scale customization, every board, decorative strip, and handle may need its own identification code or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to facilitate automated packing and loading, and to support traceability throughout the whole transportation and distribution process.

Resilient and intelligent supply chains that help enterprises respond to crises

Snapshot from the future: Supply chain visualization powered by digital technologies

Supply chain visualization is about using ICT technology to collect, transmit, store, and analyze upstream and downstream orders, logistics, inventories, and other relevant supply-chain information, and graphically display such information. Such visualization can effectively improve the transparency and controllability of the whole supply chain and thus greatly reduce supply chain risks.

Supply chain visualization supports the tracking of materials and equipment in upstream activities. Logistics information is displayed in real time.

With supply chain visualization, the operation data of various transportation vehicles in the logistics system is also available, and the status of these vehicles can be displayed in real time. Global Positioning System (GPS), AI, 5G-A, IoT, and other technologies are used to monitor the transportation process and the status of goods while in transit. There is also a visualized scheduling center that enables the consolidation or splitting of orders at any time, and the optimization of transportation resources and routes. This enables companies to detect and rapidly respond to any logistics emergency by promptly adjusting logistics routes to ensure the timely and safe delivery of goods.

A remote monitoring system monitors the environment in warehouses in real time. This system uses various sensors to graphically display operations and maintenance (O&M) information such as temperature, humidity, dust, and smoke. This allows the timely detection of any signs of fire or water leakage, enabling prompt intervention and preventing material losses. Goods can also be tracked in real time as they are logged into and out of warehouses. As goods are moved, IoT, RFID, and QR code technologies are used to automatically identify and register goods, and the warehousing status data of goods can be accessed remotely in real time.

Snapshot from the future: From supply chain to supply network

In the traditional supply chain model, each link in the chain depends on the previous link delivering as expected. Each link could be a bottleneck that prevents the normal flow of goods down the chain. For example, if the supply of an upstream raw material provider is disrupted, downstream manufacturers will definitely be affected, resulting in inefficient operations or even a standstill for the entire supply chain. With the adoption of ICT technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, big data, and AI, the supply chain will transform into a supply network. In this network, the upstream materials required by every link have multiple alternative sources, and they can be sourced through multiple routes. A multi-contact collaborative supply ecosystem will be created by enhancing the internal and external interconnectivity of enterprises. The failure of any single link will not paralyze the entire supply network.

Renewable electricity generation: Floating power plants

Snapshot from the future: Offshore wind and floating PV (FPV) are promising energy sources for the future

Offshore electricity generation can solve challenges that onshore projects confront, such as land shortages, distances from electrical load centers, reduced efficiency of solar PV systems under high temperatures, and biodiversity loss.

On average, wind speeds 10 km offshore are 25% faster than those at the shoreline. Offshore wind turbines can generate power for 3,000 hours annually, compared to 2,000 hours for onshore turbines. By 2030, offshore wind turbines are expected to have rotor diameters of 230–250 meters and capacities of 15–20 MW, which is 3 to 4 times greater than onshore turbines. Floating turbines can be installed in waters up to 60 meters deep. New high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology offers a cost-effective solution for transmission over distances of 80–150 kilometers from the coast. The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) forecasts that global offshore wind capacity will increase from 75 GW today to 275 GW by 2030, with annual installations growing at 25% per year over the next five years.

Compared to land-based PV (LBPV) systems, FPV systems that are installed on water save land. The absence of obstacles on the water surface reduces shading loss and dust buildup. Additionally, the natural cooling effect of the water and higher offshore wind speeds can enhance PV performance. Studies show that FPV systems perform about 12.96% better annually than LBPV systems. The global FPV market capacity is projected to exceed 60 GW by 2030, with an estimated potential capacity of 400 GW worldwide.

The future energy world will be centered on electricity, and green hydrogen is emerging as a big player.

Snapshot from the future: The adoption of electricity will accelerate across industries, diverse energy storage technologies will evolve, and green hydrogen will see more extensive application

Sectors like industry and transportation are the main sources of carbon emissions through energy consumption. To reduce emissions, priority should be given to green transformation in traditional industrial sectors by promoting green electricity and electric manufacturing. We should focus on optimizing transportation structures, promoting green mobility, and constructing more renewable energy infrastructure. Additionally, applying technologies such as smart grids, 5G, and AI will help reduce carbon emissions and contribute to the development of green, low-carbon cities.

Besides, energy storage systems (ESSs) can store electric energy during off-peak hours and discharge that energy during peak hours for peak shaving and load balancing, thus improving the operating efficiency and reliability of power grids while cutting power system investment. Various new energy storage technologies, such as compressed-air energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and thermal (cold) energy storage, will coexist to meet system regulation requirements.

New technologies and business models, such as hydrogen metallurgy, hydrogen production from renewables, ammonia/methanol synthesis by green hydrogen, and hydrogen-based power generation, will all be widely promoted. Electricity will interact with secondary energy sources like hydrogen through electricity-to-hydrogen conversion and electric fuel production, helping build a multi-energy complementary system that interconnects multiple energy sources with electric energy. In fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, transportation, and power generation, hydrogen, as a reacting substance or raw material, will become essential to clean electricity.

Intelligent generation-grid-load-storage-consumption through the Energy Internet

Snapshot from the future: Virtual power plants, a paradigm shift for the power value chain

The emergence of virtual power plants (VPPs) is redrawing the boundaries between power producers and power consumers. VPPs are set to reshape the power generation value chain.

VPPs will leverage economies of scale to realize the commercial model that distributed energy producers cannot achieve alone. In order to participate in the future energy market and generate profits, distributed energy producers should be able to sense market prices in real time. Distributed new energy devices will need to respond to market changes and power grid fluctuations in real time. This requires ICT infrastructure such as interconnected networks and edge gateways or edge computing. Producers will incur the kinds of transaction costs that come with being part of the market, such as insurance and compliance costs. These additional costs represent a barrier to market entry for distributed energy producers, but by aggregating the large number of distributed energy sources, VPPs reduce costs and generate profits through economies of scale.

Energy cloud can be understood as the operating system of the energy Internet, and is typically characterized by convergence, openness, and intelligence.

Generation, grids, storage, and consumption of power need to be converged in an end-to-end manner. Generators now include a large number of distributed new energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass, as well as fossil fuel sources such as gas.

In addition, the energy cloud needs to interconnect with third-party systems, such as carbon trading systems. Therefore, the energy cloud should be an open ecosystem.

To enable convergence and openness, the energy cloud must be an intelligent platform. With the support of efficient, intelligent technologies such as AI and big data, the energy cloud aims to enable a frictionless flow of energy from producers to consumers as they demand it. Ultimately, it will create a green, low-carbon, safe, stable, and diverse energy system.

As generation-grid-storage-load synergy accelerates and deepens, the boundaries of the traditional value chain will be broken, and power systems will no longer adjust electricity generation simply based on plans and loads. Instead, electricity supply and demand will become more flexible and dynamic. To drive the digital and intelligent transformation of the new power system, next-generation technologies will be vigorously developed and extensively applied in areas such as digital edges, ubiquitous communications networks, compute and storage, and AI algorithms and applications. The physical world and digital space will be fully connected, device information and production processes in power systems will be converted into digital expressions, and digital mirrors of power systems will be built within the virtual space.

Efficient power use for ICT: Saving energy and cutting more emissions

Snapshot from the future: Low-carbon data centers and sites

The ICT industry needs to cut emissions and save energy while enabling other industries to reduce carbon emissions. Data centers and telecom networks are the primary sources of carbon emissions in the ICT industry.

Data centers reduce carbon emissions by purchasing green power and applying free cooling and AI. Large ICT companies have been the biggest purchasers of green power, as they strive to reduce carbon emissions in data centers and telecoms networks.

As an increasing number of high-temperature-proof servers are put into use, cooling using natural air instead of traditional chillers and air conditioners will become possible. This will reduce the energy consumption of cooling systems, thereby decreasing the PUE.

In addition to applying renewable energy and free cooling, AI is another effective way to make data centers more efficient and save energy. Sensors in data centers collect data such as temperature, power levels, pump speed, power consumption rate, and settings, which are analyzed using AI. Then, the data center operations and control thresholds are adjusted accordingly, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

The green telecoms networks of the future will be built to support more than 100 times today's capacity, but their total energy consumption will be no higher than that of today's networks. Conventional telecoms networks are defined by their specialist functions, which makes for fragmented operation and maintenance (O&M) and means they cannot keep pace with the latest network automation and intelligence. Networks need to be reconstructed to deliver essential services through a simplified architecture that consists of three layers: basic telecoms network, cloud network, and algorithms. This simplified network architecture will greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithms in autonomous driving networks, reducing the demand for computing, and cut O&M costs, contributing to greener, low-carbon networks.

Rules redefine digital trust

Snapshot from the future: Unified rules that enhance data protection and mitigate data monopoly

Digital trust involves many organizations and stakeholders. Notably, in the realm of personal information protection, the EU has enacted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), while other countries and regions have subsequently adopted similar laws, such as China's Personal Information Protection Law. Combating data monopoly is the only way to prevent large platforms from illegally obtaining, abusing, and trading personal privacy data. This will bolster digital security, ensure fair competition, and foster a robust digital credit ecosystem.

Snapshot from the future: Impartial standards that drive healthy ICT industry development

Governments and industry organizations must establish unified cyber security standards that are technology-neutral and equally applicable to all enterprises and all ICT products. These standards will ensure that ICT products can be independently and comprehensively verified and evaluated. As a result, organizations will be able to select products that meet their specific security requirements based on the verification and evaluation results, and foster healthy development within the ICT industry.

Snapshot from the future: A cyber security and privacy assurance system that boosts digital trust

One of Huawei's key strategies is to build and implement an end-to-end global cyber security and privacy assurance system. In compliance with applicable laws and regulations in countries where we operate and international standards, we are continuing to invest in an effective, sustainable, and reliable cyber security and privacy assurance system that addresses the requirements of both regulators and customers, as well as industry best practices. Further still, we actively engage with governments, customers, and industry partners to address cyber security and privacy challenges.