At the access network layer, the major trends for the next three to five years are broadbandization and packetization for both wireline and wireless access. The current trend in the wireline access field is "more optical and less copper" with FTTx becoming the primary way to build a network. In developed regions, mainstream carriers will provide each subscriber with 20-50M bandwidth in the next few years to support the development of high-bandwidth services, especially video services. Generally, in the next few years, when considering factors as bandwidth, coverage and cost, FTTB/C + ADSL2+/VDSL will become primary network models while FTTH will become a complementary method for network construction in new home zones. In the wireless access field, technologies such as HSPA, WiMAX, LTE and AIE will push forward the development of packetization and broadbandization. Meanwhile, intelligent terminals (handsets) and mobile PCs will greatly increase the demand for higher bandwidth. It is important to note that, in the next five years or more, multiple access technologies will co-exist in harmony as there will be no single technology that can satisfy all application situations when factors such as bandwidth, coverage, mobility and cost are considered simultaneously. Thus, seamless mobility between multiple access technologies will be critical and will become a vital element in realizing FMC.