Industry transformations appear to be complex with many elements entangled, but no matter in which industry or era, the bottom line is that development must meet and cater to end users. The right direction for most new industries should:

• Be greater affordability. Low cost, accessibility, and easy use of products or services are crucial.
• Products and services should enhance and improve the lives of the users both at work and play.
• Services should generate a more enjoyable, fuller user experience and follow the trends in entertainment, fashion and social interaction.

From the angle of the value chain, a convergent industry must encompass three elements: application, network, and terminal. 

Application: The future primary application model most likely will be Software as a Service (SaaS). Compared with traditional business models, SaaS provides lower costs, better services, ease of use and completely conforms to the general development direction of the industry. 

SaaS after wide spread popularity will make more applications available to ordinary users. Costs will be lower, and users will not have to upgrade, debug, purchase the latest and greatest hardware or install expensive software. All applications become a simple icon that users just click on to use. 

Many concepts such as Communication as a Service (CaaS) will emerge and all applications will be virtually services. 

Network: Future networks must be deployed as"optical fiber + wireless". But the location to place optical fiber, the coverage of wireless services, and the choice of technology and networking model depend not only on equipment costs, but also on auxiliary equipment, installation, maintenance, energy consumption and equipment room leases. Apart from this, there may be more crucial factors, such as licenses, governance, and private ownership of land. There is great difference in these factors between countries and cities. As a result, applicable technical solutions vary greatly. 

Terminal: In essence, terminals are the extension of networks, and the presenter of applications. Should terminals be intelligent or fool-proof? 

Fool-proof terminals (especially user interfaces) are in the mainstream, because the industry strives to serve the masses and users usually do not want to deal with complex high-tech devices. Key technologies at the terminal side are input/output, network connection capacity and power supply. Other capabilities should be implemented at the network side to reduce cost and provide greater convenience for users. For convenience, terminal networks are connected wirelessly.